THE IMPLICATION OF COMMON CURRENCY FOR WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES

THE IMPLICATION OF COMMON CURRENCY FOR WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES

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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE

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CHAPTER ONE

• Introduction 1

1.1     Background of the study                                         1

1.2     Statement of the problem                                         4

1.3     Purpose of the study                                                5

1.4     Research questions                                                  6

1.5     Significance of the study                                         6

1.6     Scope and limitation of the study                             7

reference                                                                  9

CHAPTER TWO

Literature review                                                                10

• Introduction 10


• West African Countires – ECOWAs 12


• Problem of ECOWAs 17


• West African Currency Board (WACB) 18
  
  
  
  • West African Currency Board operation 20
  
  
  • The concept – common currency 21
  
  
  
  


• Global common currency 23
  
  
  
  • The Euro – Dollar                                         23
  
  
  
  


• The need for global common currency 24


• Management, headquarters and mode of operation of West African Common Currency 31


• The prospect o common currency for West African 33


• The problems facing the establishment of common currency for Africa.                                                             35


• References 39

 

CHAPTER THREE

Research methodology

• Method of investigation 42


• Instrument of data collection 42


• Primary sources of data 43


• Secondary sources of data 43


• Population and determination of sample size 44


• Validity and reliability of research instrument 46

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation and analysis                                           47

• Data analysis techniques                                                47


• Analysis of questionnaires 48

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary of findings, recommendations and conclusion

• Summary of findings 65


• Recommendations 66


• Conclusion 68

Bibliography                                                                      69

Appendix                                                                           73

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

          The actual study for establishment of a common currency for west African state (ECOWAS) and drafting of a programme of monetary and fiscal polices of members states was between 1985 and 1986 period (Arah, 2001: 29). In response to the study, the sub-region monetary co-operation programme involving short and long term measures were seen to be economic flight (Ogwuma 1998:3). The highest level of economic integration is the monetary union, which involves the integration of trade and micro-economic policies and establishment of a common central bank and a single currency.

The establishment of a monetary union is however consequent on the member states, meeting the convertibility condition of monetary and fiscal prudence and other macro – economic convergence indicators which are the short and long term measures. The short term measures were settlement of areas in the west Africa monetary agency (WAMA), clearing system establishment of a credit guarantee fund, introduction of new payment instrument like ECOWAS travelers cheques and extension of the range of products eligible for transactions through the clearing system. According to Ezema (2001;30) the long term measures include liberation of trade and payment system in all member countries, liberation of all interest and exchange rate, reduction of inflation to a single digit and creation of a single currency zone within the sub-region by the year 2000 (the deadline for achieving the measure by all member countries was set for 1988). However, most member states beat the deadline while the traveler cheques issues was delay due to political and economic muscle flexing between the Unions Economiuqe Manetaire Quest Africa (UEMQA) members and the rest. The traveler cheques afforded one of the most realistic steps towards achieving economic integration and a single momentary zone, but had to suffer several postponement due to various reasons. The initial disagreement among member states was on the modalities for finding the cheques out of the ‘ghost” or imagined position to the members in the scheme of things. In the words of Olajide (2001:31) at another attempt in 1998, some CFFA zone members did not attend the summit on the ground that the delegates wanted to conclude some contracts with their home governments. This was done without notice even as it suffered postponement for another meeting with France before that of the travelers cheques launch.

In February 1998, at the planned launching in Abuja, all disagreement were resolved under the auspices of an adequate-hoc committee set up by the ECOWAS heads of states composing Cote D’ voice, Ghana, Mali, Togo and Nigeria. Univocally, the CFA zone members were in vanguard of the launching of the travelers cheques in 1999. Ostensibly due to the successful establishment of Euro (the European common currency which will take over the  national currencies in Europe in 2004), and therefore effectively terminate the French Support for CFA. On December 15, 2000, heads of state and governments of ECOWAS in Bamako, Mali approved the decision to establish a common currency by 2003. the decision was the result of the initiative take by Ghana and Nigeria in a bilateral economic meeting on December 1999 to adopt  a two – track system called FAST TRACK APPROACH (FTA) to the implementation of ECOWAS integration programmes for West African  in 2004. The fast track approach recognize the need to have a parallel zone christened West Africa monetary Zone (WAMZ) the UEMOA to work for a gradual merger of the two at appointed period in line with the deadline.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In spite of the numerous efforts made by the ECOWAS member states to establish a common currency in West Africa which will help to foster economic integration international the sub – region by implementing ECOWAS monetary measures, the issue of common currency is still a mirage because of the following reasons;

1. The strength of the economics of these West African countries vary, so there is no common relationship between their monies.


2. Divergent tariff structure among member countries.

Low level of intra-regional trade in the sub region since less than 5 percent of the total