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A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE BANKING SYSTEM IN NIGERIAN ECONOMY (2006-2010) A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE IMPACT OF INNOVATIVE BANKING SYSTEM IN NIGERIAN ECONOMY (2006-2010)

A CASE STUDY OF

UNION BANK OF NIGERIA PLC ENUGU

LIST OF TABLES

  • Number of Commercial Banks in Nigeria and Abroad.

  • Number Of Merchant Banks In Nigeria And Abroad

  • Savings Statistics

  • Hardward Configuration Of Banks In Nigeria

  • Aggregate Computer Purchases In Banks

  • Banking System Aggregate Credit To The Economy

  • Questionnaire Administration


4.2a   Respondents’ Management Level

4.2b   Respondent’s Academic Qualification

4.2c   Bank Average of Years of Existence

4.2d   Response on Branch Banking Practice

4.2e   Response on Branch Decision on Innovation

4.2f   Banks Focus on Innovation Decisions

4.2g   Innovation and Banks Profitability

4.2h   Innovation and Nigerian Banking Distress

4.2i    Banks Customer Perception of Innovation

4.3a   Nigeria GDP and Money Supply

4.3b   Computation For Spearman’s (R)

4.4a   Innovation and Bank Customer’s Confidence

4.4b   chi-square Contingency Table

  • Technology Push Innovation Model

  • Market Push Innovation Model

  • Bar Chart Representation Of Table 4.2a

  • Pie Chart Representation Of Table 4.2b

  • Bar Chart Representation Of Table 4.2c

  • Pie Chart Representation Of Table 4.2f

  • Bar Chart Representation Of Table 4.2f

  • Probability Normal Curve For Hypothesis 1

  • Probability Normal Curve For Hypothesis 11

  • Probability Normal Curve For Hypothesis 111


ABSTRACT

The need for a new system should not have been necessary if the former had been proved totally successful and adequate.

The origin of Banking in Nigeria is characterized with manual Banking system.  The inadequacy of this system is prove by bank customers resentment which had brought about distress in the Nigerian Banking Industry.

As the Nation confidence  crisis continues to hit the Nation’s Banking Industry, the future therefore seem to lie in what Bankers call “relationship Banking.

For success therefore, every bank needs to distinguish itself from the competitions.

Therefore, a bank without a well defined identity or which fails to project a strong Image-base on that identity is unlikely to survive.

In modern Banking therefore, there is no room for complacency and there is no such things as a “Typical Customer.  Innovation is essential in services offered as much as the products sold if Banks are to retain the loyalty of customers and meet their changing environments.

Banking remains a people business and a bank that has good systems and the best products but lacks quality people will not succeed.

CHAPTER ONE



  • Introduction 1


1.1     background of study                                                      1

  • Statement of problem 5

  • Objective of study 6

  • Research questions 7

  • Research hypothesis 8

  • Significance of the study 9

  • Scope limitations and delimitations 11

  • Definition of terms 12


 

CHAPTER TWO


REVIEW OF RELATION LITERATURE                          14



  • Introduction 14


2.1     the concept of innovation                                                        14

  • Banking in Nigeria a historical overview 19

  • The role of banks in an economy 32

  • Innovation in the Nigerian banking industry 36

  • Marketing of bank innovations 57

  • Impact of banking innovations in Nigerian economy. 59


Reference                                                                       62

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY                64

  • Introduction 64


3.1     research design                                                              64

  • Sources of data 65

  • Location of data 66

  • Population, sample and sampling procedure 67

  • Method of data collection 69

  • Method of data presentation 69

  • Method of data analysis 69


Reference                                                                       72

CHAPTER FOUR



  • Data presentation and Analysis 73


4.1     Questionnaire administration                                        73

  • Presentation and analysis of data 74

  • Test of hypothesis 88


CHAPTER FIVE



  • Finding, conclusion recommendation 104


5.1     Summary of findings                                                     104

  • Conclusion 105

  • Recommendation 107


Bibliography                                                                  112

Appendix                                                                       117




CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCION


The increased need for effective and efficient banking to both staff and customers has led to an ever-growing realization of the importance of the involve banking and its influence on the development or otherwise of banking operations.

The results ensuring form and dependent upon its management not only have a definitive effect on its benefit but may be a decisive factor on its continued existence.

Innovative banking of banking to make banking enjoyable to the users. While the manual baking can lead not to in effective banking but also to the ultimate collapsee of what otherwise would be considered as distress.

 

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

According to Ekundayo (1994), modern day banking in Nigeria began in 1892 with the establishment of the Africa Banking Corporation, However, the bank for British West Africa (presently, First Bank of Nigeria Plc) was established in 1894 to take over the assets and liabilities of the African Banking Corporation. The period between 1892 and 1952 has generally described as a free banking era. The period was characterized by lack of sound banking legislation manual banking operations and mono-product/service system. As a result of this, of twenty-five indigenous banks established within the period, only four banks survived beyond the period.

The rest of the banks were distressed. However, the free banking era came to an end when the banking ordinance of 1952 was promulgated. This ushered in the era of banking legislation in Nigeria. The ordinance for the first time retracted the establishment of banks and the practice of banking to companies holding valid and duly issued licenses. A minimum paid up capital of #12,500 for indigenous banks and  #100,000 for foreign banks were imposed among other requirements for safe and sound banking environment.

The establishment of the central Bank of Nigeria in 1958 provided some relief because of a more effective management for bank examination and supervision put in place. This was combined with some implicit deposit protection scheme that relied mainly on the provision of liquidity support.

However, by the end of 1989, adverse economic conditions increased Government participation in banking because high incidence of frauds and forgeries has combined to bring many banks into financial distress.

Consequently the Nigeria Deposit insurance corporation (NDIC) was established in 1988. Besides, a general overnice could reveal that the degree and complexity of the Nigerian banking distress appeared to be beyond what an implicit deposit protection scheme could solve.

The distress syndrome in the 1990’s started with the national Bank of Nigeria. Since then, the number of distressed banks in 1995 out 116 licensed commercial banks (Ebhodaghe, 1995). Also, it was observed that 31 finance institution and 32 community banks are also distressed within the period.

Although aimed at promoting competition and efficiency even in the banking sector, the structural adjustment programme (Sap) established in 1986 has only succeeded in increasing the number of banks in the country without increasing effectiveness and efficiency.

 

Generally, the central Bank of Nigeria and the Federal Government have since 1990 embarked upon a number of measure in order developed a healthy banking environment thereby restoring the public confidence on the sector. Among these measures are the encouragement of rural banking through the waiving of the feasibility study – requirement in the establishment of the rural branch, next was the promulgation and enforcement of the failed banks and other finical institutions malpractice decree No 18 of 1994 which aimed at liquidation of some terminally distressed banks thereby fostering confidence in the banking system.

Nevertheless, in spite of all the measures, the attitude and perceptions of the Nigeria public towards banking service have not substantially changed for the better. According to Dada (1994), among the reasons why the distress condition has lingered are:

  • Prevailing economic recession

  • Micro – economic instability.

  • Poor and deteriorating asset quality

  • Bad management and inside abuse.


Survival of banking business in the 1990’s and beyond must require something far from what we are having presently.

 

  • STATEMENT OF PROBLEM


Having examined the responsibility position conferred on banks in an economy one can therefore be bothered on whether or not the Nigeria Banks have these responsibilities discharged effectively and efficiently. Besides, even where it may be argued positively in fever of the Nigeria banks, the expression of dissatisfaction made by bank customers could make one doubt a confidence position of the Nation’s bank performance in the discharge of their duties.

According to Orjih (1998) such customers complaints against banks are:

  1. Insensitivity of bank staff to customers’ needs.

  2. Inadequate infrastructral facilities.



  • Delay in dispatching information to customers on the state of affairs of their accounts.



  1. Undue delay in fund transfers.

  2. High incidence of bank fraud.

  3. Persistent financial distress.


At this juncture therefore, the question continues business when it has totally lost the confidence of its customers?

The answer of course is No.

It is not a surprise therefore why there remained a persistent bank distress and continued economic backwardness. Being bothered with the present trend in the banking industry.

Two basic principles could perhaps be postulated against banks in the economy.

  1. Not knowing what to do and/or

  2. Not doing what they know.


It is therefore based on this argument that this project will be aimed at evaluating the need for innovative banking in the present competitive banking environment.

 

  • OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY.


The broad objectives of this research work are:

  1. To evaluate the role banks in an economy.

  2. To ascertain the extent of distress in the Nigeria banking industry.



  • To appraise the impact of innovation in the Nigerian banking industry.



  1. To prefer tested and dependable innovative banking strategies on the banking activity in the economy.


 

  • RESEARCH QUESTIONS.


The broad objectives of this project will be attained through dependable solutions to the following questions.

  1. Do the roles of bank have any influence in the overall activity of an economy?

  2. To what extent is the distress situation in the Nigeria banking industry?



  • Can innovation bring about a solution to the present distress situation of Nigerian banks?


 

 

 

  • RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS.


The solutions to the questions arising from the objective of this research can be validated using the following three set of hypothesis

  1. HO: The roles of bank have no significant effect on the overall activity of an economy.


HI:     The roles of bank have a significant effect on the overall activity of an economy.

  1. HO: The distress situation of banks does not affect the customers’ confidence on Banks given innovation.


HI:     The distress situation of banks affects customers confidence on banks, in the presence of innovation.

  1. HO: Banking innovation has no significant impact on the profit performance of banks.


HI:     Banking innovation has a significant impact on the profit performance of banks.

 

 

 

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:


In the light of a depressed economy, the need for a research of this nature can not be over emphasized. It is therefore believed that this project will meet the requirements of the following interest groups:

  1. The Government.

  2. The Banks.



  • The Bank customers.



  1. The Researchers.


 

I        THE GOVERNMENT.

The government of any Nation have always been interested in monetary and fiscal measures which could aim at stabilizing the overall economy. This project will evaluate the financial position of the economy. On the reasoning therefore that “problems identified is half solved”. It is strongly believed that the recommendations that will be made at the end of this research work will go a long way helping the government in the identification of problems in her financial sector and solutions thereby enhancing the attainment of macro-economic objectives.

II       THE BANKS:

In order to survive the present banking business environment. It requires something higher than the traditional banking strategy. It is on this firm conclusion that this project will not only expose banks to the knowledge of what to do but also to the technologically of ding them well. Summarily therefore, the project is reasoned to act as a therapy to the deteriorating confidence on banks by the general public.

 

III     THE BANK CUSTOMERS:

The place of advertising in the overall performance of any organisation is of great esteem. It is therefor reasoned that this research work will bring to the bank customers the knowledge of innovated products and services existing in the Nigeria industry. On this note, it must be agreed that the project has power of strengthening that bank customer relationship.

 

IV     THE RESEARCHERS:

Among the requirements for building a healthy economy is the availability of a researched information. The project will have the ability to providing documented facts on the subject matter. It is on this reasoning therefore, that the researcher strongly believed that the project will meet the needs of further researches in to the same subject matter.

 

  • SCOPE, LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS


SCOPE:

This project is devised to cover periods between periods between 2007 and 2010. The researcher so close this period because she believe that more competitive banking era were witnessed within the period. The project, within the period will examine:

  1. Product innovations.

  2. Service innovations.



  • Marketing innovations in the banking industry.


 

LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS


The nations have been characterized with an acute data scarcity and inadequacy. Even where any is found, they are often times tagged “classified” thereby forbidding disclosure and use.

The researcher also did not find it easy combining academic class work and research exercises. Inadequate finance coupled with time constraints also militated against the earlier accomplishment of demands by this project. This project should have had a general consideration on all the categories of banks in the economy. However owing to the above constraints, it must be pointed out here that emphasis will major on the activity of commercial banks.

Nevertheless, it is assumed that generalization on the other banks could be possible made from the conclusions here arrived at since the commercial banking sector occupy more than 50% of banking  activity in the country.

 

  • DEFINITION OF TERMS


This section will aim at defining some technical terms used in the course of this project writing.

  1. BANK:


This is an establishment for keeping money and valuables safely and the money being paid out on the customer’s order.

II       BANKER:

A banker refers to any person who is carrying on the business of accepting money and collecting drafts for customers subject to obligation of honoring cheques drawn upon them from time to time by the customers to the extent of the amounts available on their accounts (Anibueze, 1996).

III     BANK DISTRESS:

A bank can be declared distressed when it is not able to meet its balance sheet test of having enough assets at market value to cover its liabilities (Orjih, 1998).

IV     INNOVATION:

Innovation can be simply defined at the implementation of ideas, invention, design and development whose ultimate objective is to create a change.

V       PRODUCT

Conceptually, a product is anything that can be offered to the market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption aimed at the satisfaction of want. It includes physical objects, services, persons, places, organisations and ideas. (Ananyi, 1994)

 

VI     EFFICIENCY:

“This is the process of matching effort with result, it involves a process of getting the most out of the scarce resources without a waste” (Eckces, 1990).

VII    ECONOMY


This is a operation and management of a country’s money supply, trade and industry, economic system.

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