BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL AS A TOOL FOR ACCOUNTABILITY IN GOVERNMENT PARASTATALS
(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY)
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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE
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CHAPTER ONE:
1.1 Background
1.2 Objective of the study
1.3 Significant of the study
1.4 Statement of the problem
1.5 Hypothesis formulation
1.6 Scope and limitation of study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO:
2.1 Budgeting and Budgets
2.2 Typology of budgets for planning and control
2.3 Features of Budgets
2.4 Fundamentals of Budgeting and Budget Administration
2.5 Preparation of Budgets
2.6 Budgetary controls
2.7 Innovation in the area of budget
Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)
Historical Background
CHAPTER THREE:
3.1 Source of data
3.2 Research Population
3.3 Sampling method used
3.4 Questionnaire Design
3.5 Description of respondents
3.6 Method of data analysis in the questionnaire
3.7 Analysis of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FOUR:
4.1 Presentation of data
4.2 Analysis of questionnaires
4.3 Testing of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE:
5.1 Discussion of findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
Bibliography
ABSTRACT
Government and private establishment prepare estimates of income and expenditure which are planned by an organization for a specific period.
Consequent upon this, we aim at finding out how budgets both organized private sector and in government are prepared, used/or applied for effective decision making and for enhancement of profit maximization so to say.
In a bid to achieve good result from the study, it became necessary to work in chapters.
Chapter one: introduction, the research work stated the problem associated with budget and budgetary control in government parastatals, listed the objective, significance of the study, its scope and limitation implying on the study.
Chapter two: reviewed the existing literature in relation to budgetary and budgets.
Chapter three: presented the sources of data used by the researchers.
Chapter four: presented various data collected and their analysis. The hypothesis was listed using CHI-SQUARE METHOD.
Chapter five: presented the summary of finding, made certain conclusion and suggested various recommendations and measures to improve the budget and budgetary control in government parastatals.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND:
The efficiency and effectiveness of the operations of a business depends on the control available to managements in almost every business organization, there are a number of activities going on at the same time such as producing purchasing, distributing, selling and financing a product. These are interrelated in such a way that they affected the attainment of the organization goals.
The Institute of Cost and Management Accountant (ICMA) defined budget as a financial or quantitative statement prepared and approved prior to defined period of time of the policy to be pursued during the period for the purpose of attaining a given objectives. It may include income, expenditure and the employment of capital.
Therefore, in order to achieve these objectives or goals, the organization must economize resources and discover the means of achieving these goals. These goals can only be realized when the properly planned use of available resources are controlled and co-ordinated effectively. Thus a system of managing a business by making forecasts of the different activities and applying a financial value to each forecast becomes imperative. These forecasts are guided by the formulation and adoption of planned systems such as techniques in budgeting, variance analysis, etc.
Tubbi, J. A. 1982 defined budgetary control as the establishment of departmental budgets relating the responsibilities of the executives to the requirement of a policy, and the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results either to secure by individual action the objective of that policy or to provide a firm basis for its revision.
It is therefore, germane to say that the level of importance that is attached to this plan and effort made in controlling the variance differ in organizations. Once the goals are set, which must be based on the detailed analysis of feasibility within the content of the political and social value then the tactical plans will enable it to strive towards its attainment.
Often than not when these plans are put into operation, conditions prevail which tends to cause deviation from the plan and corrective measures are always taken to steer the business back on the right track. The process already mentioned as it is applied entails budget and its control. And to lend credence to goal congruence suitable techniques should be applied to specific areas that need special attention hence the measurement of budgeted with actual to arrive at the variance cannot be over-emphasized. A business is said to be on the right tract if the outcome of the budgeted estimate is favourable as against the actual. The little that is said concerning this project has not encompassed all avenues in which the subject can aid management decision, rather it should be seen as a guide for people in business.
The primary purpose of this study is four fold. These are:
To determine if there is a connection
(A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY)
Download our android mobile app for more materials
ORDER NOW
COMPLETE MATERIAL COST N2,500 Or $10. FRESH PROJECT MATERIAL COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.
THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE
MAKE YOUR PAYMENT INTO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANKS:
GTBANK
Account Name : Host Link Global Services Ltd
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0138924237
Account Name : Host Link Global Services Ltd
ACCOUNT NUMBER: 0138924237
First Bank:
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Name: 3059320631
Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Number: 0117780667.
Swift Code: GTBINGLA
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar.
ATM CARD: YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY.
OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.
form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS LESS THAN 24 HOURS
CALL OUR CUSTOMERS CARE OKEKE CHIDI C ON : 08074466939,08063386834.
AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO
08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.
WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.
MONEY BACK GUARANTEE
CHAPTER ONE:
- Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Objective of the study
1.3 Significant of the study
1.4 Statement of the problem
1.5 Hypothesis formulation
1.6 Scope and limitation of study
1.7 Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO:
- Review of Related Literature
2.1 Budgeting and Budgets
2.2 Typology of budgets for planning and control
2.3 Features of Budgets
2.4 Fundamentals of Budgeting and Budget Administration
2.5 Preparation of Budgets
2.6 Budgetary controls
2.7 Innovation in the area of budget
Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)
- Enugu State Housing Development Corporation
Historical Background
CHAPTER THREE:
- Research Design and Methodology
3.1 Source of data
3.2 Research Population
3.3 Sampling method used
3.4 Questionnaire Design
3.5 Description of respondents
3.6 Method of data analysis in the questionnaire
3.7 Analysis of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FOUR:
- Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.1 Presentation of data
4.2 Analysis of questionnaires
4.3 Testing of Hypothesis
- Interpretation of Result
CHAPTER FIVE:
- Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Discussion of findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
Bibliography
ABSTRACT
Government and private establishment prepare estimates of income and expenditure which are planned by an organization for a specific period.
Consequent upon this, we aim at finding out how budgets both organized private sector and in government are prepared, used/or applied for effective decision making and for enhancement of profit maximization so to say.
In a bid to achieve good result from the study, it became necessary to work in chapters.
Chapter one: introduction, the research work stated the problem associated with budget and budgetary control in government parastatals, listed the objective, significance of the study, its scope and limitation implying on the study.
Chapter two: reviewed the existing literature in relation to budgetary and budgets.
Chapter three: presented the sources of data used by the researchers.
Chapter four: presented various data collected and their analysis. The hypothesis was listed using CHI-SQUARE METHOD.
Chapter five: presented the summary of finding, made certain conclusion and suggested various recommendations and measures to improve the budget and budgetary control in government parastatals.
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION:
1.1 BACKGROUND:
The efficiency and effectiveness of the operations of a business depends on the control available to managements in almost every business organization, there are a number of activities going on at the same time such as producing purchasing, distributing, selling and financing a product. These are interrelated in such a way that they affected the attainment of the organization goals.
The Institute of Cost and Management Accountant (ICMA) defined budget as a financial or quantitative statement prepared and approved prior to defined period of time of the policy to be pursued during the period for the purpose of attaining a given objectives. It may include income, expenditure and the employment of capital.
Therefore, in order to achieve these objectives or goals, the organization must economize resources and discover the means of achieving these goals. These goals can only be realized when the properly planned use of available resources are controlled and co-ordinated effectively. Thus a system of managing a business by making forecasts of the different activities and applying a financial value to each forecast becomes imperative. These forecasts are guided by the formulation and adoption of planned systems such as techniques in budgeting, variance analysis, etc.
Tubbi, J. A. 1982 defined budgetary control as the establishment of departmental budgets relating the responsibilities of the executives to the requirement of a policy, and the continuous comparison of actual with budgeted results either to secure by individual action the objective of that policy or to provide a firm basis for its revision.
It is therefore, germane to say that the level of importance that is attached to this plan and effort made in controlling the variance differ in organizations. Once the goals are set, which must be based on the detailed analysis of feasibility within the content of the political and social value then the tactical plans will enable it to strive towards its attainment.
Often than not when these plans are put into operation, conditions prevail which tends to cause deviation from the plan and corrective measures are always taken to steer the business back on the right track. The process already mentioned as it is applied entails budget and its control. And to lend credence to goal congruence suitable techniques should be applied to specific areas that need special attention hence the measurement of budgeted with actual to arrive at the variance cannot be over-emphasized. A business is said to be on the right tract if the outcome of the budgeted estimate is favourable as against the actual. The little that is said concerning this project has not encompassed all avenues in which the subject can aid management decision, rather it should be seen as a guide for people in business.
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
The primary purpose of this study is four fold. These are:
- To find out the importance of budgeting and budgetary controls in government parastatals, which has the maximization of profit as its principle business objective.
To determine if there is a connection
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