EFFECT OF TARIFF LAWS ON THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY (ANAMMCO)
EFFECT OF TARIFF LAWS ON THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA MOTOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY (ANAMMCO)
ABSTRACT
This work aimed at studying critically the country’s automobile industry from the point of view of the tariff structure applicable to it, the objective being to identify any short comings in such polices that may be instrumental to the apparent lack of growth in the sector.
Most of the companies in the sector the federal government owned companies founded about the same period with basic characteristics of foreign input orientation and as such experience the same problems for effectiveness therefore, the researcher concentrated on a company Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company (ANAMMCO) . Conclusively, recommendation were made on how to improve the general performance of the automobile industry in Nigeria.
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 (ii) Length of service of respondents
Table 4.1 (iii) Staff and the Grades
Table 4.1 (iv) Division of the Respondents
Table 4.1 (v) Major objective for Auto plant Establishment in Nigeria
Table 4.1 (vi) Extent to which objective have been achieved.
Table 4.1 (vii) The Greatest obstacle to Growth
Table 4.1 (viii) Rating of Government Tariff policy
Table 4.1 (ix) Who initial the change in Tariff policy?
Table 4.1 (x) Tariff policy in the past ten years
Table 4.1 (xi) Time period of consistency/ inconsistency
Table 4.1 (xii) Effect of consistency/inconsistency company’s
REVENUE.
Table 4.1 (xiii) Period of Higher revenue
Table 4.1 (xiv) Frequency of change of Tariff policy
Table 4.1 (xv) Rate of production when Tariff on FBU was High.
Table 4.1 (xvi) Level of sales when Tariff on FBU was high
Table 4.1 (xvii) Sales condition when Tariff on FBU is low
Table 4.1 (xviii) Average Height of Tariff on CKD
Table 4.1 (xix) Production when Tariff on CKD was high
Table 4.1 (xx) Production when Tariff on CKD was low
PROPOSAL ON THE TOPIC: The effect of Tariff law on the Automobile Industry in Nigeria (case study of Anambra motor manufacturing company (ANAMMCO)
This research work is aimed at studying critically the country’s automobile industry from the point of view of tariff structure applicable to it; the objective of this work will be to identify any short comings or problematic areas in the aspect of fiscal pollicies, which may be instrument to dealer growth and development of the sector.
This work will also look into the effectiveness and efficiency of this companies in automobile industries and also compare the fax structure applicable in Nigeria with those other country in the same industry.
Most of the companies in this sector are federal government owned companies founded about the same period with basic characteristics of foreign input orientation and as such experience the same problems. Therefore for effectiveness, I will be concentrating on a company (ANAMMCO) Anambra motor manufacturing company.
Conclusively, recommendation will be made on how to improve generally the performance of automobile industry in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND -
INDUSTRIAL POLICIES 11
AN INDUSTRY 14
COUNTRIES 21
TARIFF LAWS 28
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 AREA OF STUDY 41
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE 48
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 FINDINGS 78
BIBLIOGRAPHY 88
APPENDIX 91
QUESTIONNAIRE 92
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Automobile industry is one of the most crucial industry for economic development and growth, particularly f or a developing nation Nigeria. Every dynamic. Economy requires a viable and efficient transport sector, for the movement of goods, people and service. In a situation where the transport sector is not services causes huge losses to the nation every year through insufficient utilization of man- hours (Chika Emerenwa, 1990). It is a well known fact that only a few other industries cover such a wide range of technology and manufacturing processed or utilize such variety of raw materials tools, machinery and equipment as the automobile industry therefore the automobile industry employs the highest percentage of our human and natural resources . This is the more reason we say that the sector serves as an engine room of economic growth and development. It also serves as a stimulus for the development of other industries in the economy, like iron and steel, industry, machine tool industry as well as the transportation industry.
An industry which serves and the engine of technological fake – off of any nation should be closely monitored through the use of appropriate tariff laws, to maintain sustainable growth in the sector thereby stimulating economic growth and development in the economy in general.
A critical look at the tariff policies or fiscal polices on commercial vehicles under which Anambra motor manufacturing company (ANAMMCO) falls will be our minor or guide to show that for the past eleven years, no consistent polices aimed at any definite objective have be experienced. The growth of the industry were evidence except form 1991 –1994 and between 1997 to date the difference in the duty between 1997 to date the difference in the duty between completely knocked down (CKD) parts and fully built unit (FBU) was up to 40% the difference in duty for the rest of the year was too marginal to enable locally produced vehicles to compete effectively with imported fully built units.
In the days of structural adjustment programme (SAP), it caused a bound or problem in the sector because some companies found it more economically and profitable to import fully completed unit (FBU) to sell them to import completely knocked down part (CKD) to produce and sell. This trend does not only create idle capacity but also loss of jobs for many workers, and more importantly, it negates and deters the over all objective of technological transfer which inform discourage economic growth and development.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The problems of conflicting and discontinuity of government polices on tariff law as they concern local automobile industry. The high tariff on CKD and low tariff and low tariff on FBU the former managing director of ANAMMCO Hansyemgen Ahlbrecnt said “one of the greatest problem of the automobile industry in Nigeria is that are (automobile manufacturer) are not getting enough or adequate support from the government (ANAMMCO News 1990)”
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at looking into the automobile industry in the light of the following:
HO: That inconsistency in tariff policy has affected company’s revenue.
Hi: That inconsistency in tariff policy has not affected company’s revenue
Ho: Low tariff of FBU has negative effect on company sales
Hi: Low tariff on FBU has positive effect on company sales.
The finding and recommendation of the study will help to:
This study is concerned with government tariff polices as regards to automobile industry, the researcher concentrated on ANAMMCO from the period of 1991-2001, In the pursuance of a successful completion of this work, certain limitations posed some threats to the research. Among them are lack of adequate fund to meet rising cost of research, the dearth of books particularly local materials on the topic under discussion and also problem of data collection.
Mercedes- Benz ANAMMCO is a joint venture between the federal government of Nigeria and Diamler Chrysler AG. MB – ANAMMCO Manufactures commercial vehicles and leads in the commercial vehicle market from five tons payload and above in Nigeria. The plant, which occupies sprouting 300,000 square meter site at Emene, near Enugu, is a shining example of a profitable and viable economic and technological co-operation between the government and people of Nigeria and Diamler Chrysler AG.
MB-ANAMMCO Limited was incorporated on January 17, 1977 and the plant was commissioned on July 8, 1980 by the first executive president of Nigeria, Alhaji Shehu Shagari. It started official production in January 1981 and has to date made an enviable mark on the nations industrial growth adding over 25,000 vehicles to the nation’s transport sector, backed up effectively with a network of over 36 after- sale services stations and spare parts supply depots. The company’s central spare part depot Enugu stocks over 35000 line items.
PRODUCT RANGE:
With management characterized by immolation based on continuous research, the company has successfully deviated from its original mono product of mercedes- Benz truck, to other types of vehicles. Today the company’s product range includes.
BUSES:
MBO 140
MBO 800 Standard/ Luxury
MBO 1418
MBO 400 (Luxury bus)
TRUCKS:
L 711
L 1621
Actres
Unimog
SPECIAL VEHICLES
Fire fighting vehicle
Mobile clinic
Ambulance
Refuse Disposal vehicle
Septic Tank extractor
Fuel/water Tankers/ fire fighting water Tanker.
Towing trucks
Troop Carrier
Bullion Vehicle
Dropside Body
Cooling Box Van
Black Maria
Produce Vehicle
This products are not only manufacture to high quality international standard but are also supposed will a full range of efficient after sales services.
DISTRIBUTION
ANAMMCO has a network of distributors located in all work and cranny of the country. The distributors includes.
AUTHORIZED AGENTS
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: This includes all companies engaged in manufacturing of vehicle in Nigeria using either completely knocked down parts only a combination of c completely knocked down and local material or all local. Material as many become possible in future.
DIVERSIFICATION: This is used to define the action of company, which hither to engage in a simple line of production, now producing a whole range of other lines.
VALIDITY: This is effective because it is made or done with the correct formalities. The degree to which an instrument of research measures what it is designed to measure
INNOVATION: This deals with making changes by ways of introducing new ideas through creative thinking.
RELIABILITY: This is consistency of result when an instrument of measurement is repeatedly applied.
TARIFF: This is referred to as fiscal policy tools through the use of tax on a particular class of imported goods. Also it can be defined as a tax paid on goods coming into or going out of a country
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COMPLETE MATERIAL COST N2,500 Or $10. FRESH PROJECT MATERIAL COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.
THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE
Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Number: 0117780667.
Swift Code: GTBINGLA
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar.
ATM CARD: YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY.
OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.
form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS LESS THAN 24 HOURS
CALL OUR CUSTOMERS CARE OKEKE CHIDI C ON : 08074466939,08063386834.
AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO
08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.
WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.
ABSTRACT
This work aimed at studying critically the country’s automobile industry from the point of view of the tariff structure applicable to it, the objective being to identify any short comings in such polices that may be instrumental to the apparent lack of growth in the sector.
Most of the companies in the sector the federal government owned companies founded about the same period with basic characteristics of foreign input orientation and as such experience the same problems for effectiveness therefore, the researcher concentrated on a company Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company (ANAMMCO) . Conclusively, recommendation were made on how to improve the general performance of the automobile industry in Nigeria.
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1 (i) Age distribution of Respondent
Table 4.1 (ii) Length of service of respondents
Table 4.1 (iii) Staff and the Grades
Table 4.1 (iv) Division of the Respondents
Table 4.1 (v) Major objective for Auto plant Establishment in Nigeria
Table 4.1 (vi) Extent to which objective have been achieved.
Table 4.1 (vii) The Greatest obstacle to Growth
Table 4.1 (viii) Rating of Government Tariff policy
Table 4.1 (ix) Who initial the change in Tariff policy?
Table 4.1 (x) Tariff policy in the past ten years
Table 4.1 (xi) Time period of consistency/ inconsistency
Table 4.1 (xii) Effect of consistency/inconsistency company’s
REVENUE.
Table 4.1 (xiii) Period of Higher revenue
Table 4.1 (xiv) Frequency of change of Tariff policy
Table 4.1 (xv) Rate of production when Tariff on FBU was High.
Table 4.1 (xvi) Level of sales when Tariff on FBU was high
Table 4.1 (xvii) Sales condition when Tariff on FBU is low
Table 4.1 (xviii) Average Height of Tariff on CKD
Table 4.1 (xix) Production when Tariff on CKD was high
Table 4.1 (xx) Production when Tariff on CKD was low
PROPOSAL ON THE TOPIC: The effect of Tariff law on the Automobile Industry in Nigeria (case study of Anambra motor manufacturing company (ANAMMCO)
This research work is aimed at studying critically the country’s automobile industry from the point of view of tariff structure applicable to it; the objective of this work will be to identify any short comings or problematic areas in the aspect of fiscal pollicies, which may be instrument to dealer growth and development of the sector.
This work will also look into the effectiveness and efficiency of this companies in automobile industries and also compare the fax structure applicable in Nigeria with those other country in the same industry.
Most of the companies in this sector are federal government owned companies founded about the same period with basic characteristics of foreign input orientation and as such experience the same problems. Therefore for effectiveness, I will be concentrating on a company (ANAMMCO) Anambra motor manufacturing company.
Conclusively, recommendation will be made on how to improve generally the performance of automobile industry in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
- STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 3
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 3
- RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 4
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4
- SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 5
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ANAMMCO6
- DEFINITION OF TERMS 10
CHAPTER TWO
- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11
2.1 DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES AND -
INDUSTRIAL POLICIES 11
- GOVERNMENT POLICY AND GROWTH OF –
AN INDUSTRY 14
- FISCAL POLICY IN LESS DEVELOPED –
COUNTRIES 21
- CURRENT NATIONAL FINANCE POLICIES AND THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR 23
- THE WEAPON CALLED TARIFF 26
- MOTOR ASSEMBLY PLANTS AND –
TARIFF LAWS 28
CHAPTER THREE
- RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 40
3.1 AREA OF STUDY 41
- SOURCE OF DATA 41
- METHOD OF INVESTIGATION 44
- VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS 46
CHAPTER FOUR
- DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 48
4.1 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE 48
- TEST OF HYPOTHESIS 69
CHAPTER FIVE
- FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 FINDINGS 78
- CONCLUSION 79
- RECOMMENDATION 82
BIBLIOGRAPHY 88
APPENDIX 91
QUESTIONNAIRE 92
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Automobile industry is one of the most crucial industry for economic development and growth, particularly f or a developing nation Nigeria. Every dynamic. Economy requires a viable and efficient transport sector, for the movement of goods, people and service. In a situation where the transport sector is not services causes huge losses to the nation every year through insufficient utilization of man- hours (Chika Emerenwa, 1990). It is a well known fact that only a few other industries cover such a wide range of technology and manufacturing processed or utilize such variety of raw materials tools, machinery and equipment as the automobile industry therefore the automobile industry employs the highest percentage of our human and natural resources . This is the more reason we say that the sector serves as an engine room of economic growth and development. It also serves as a stimulus for the development of other industries in the economy, like iron and steel, industry, machine tool industry as well as the transportation industry.
An industry which serves and the engine of technological fake – off of any nation should be closely monitored through the use of appropriate tariff laws, to maintain sustainable growth in the sector thereby stimulating economic growth and development in the economy in general.
A critical look at the tariff policies or fiscal polices on commercial vehicles under which Anambra motor manufacturing company (ANAMMCO) falls will be our minor or guide to show that for the past eleven years, no consistent polices aimed at any definite objective have be experienced. The growth of the industry were evidence except form 1991 –1994 and between 1997 to date the difference in the duty between 1997 to date the difference in the duty between completely knocked down (CKD) parts and fully built unit (FBU) was up to 40% the difference in duty for the rest of the year was too marginal to enable locally produced vehicles to compete effectively with imported fully built units.
In the days of structural adjustment programme (SAP), it caused a bound or problem in the sector because some companies found it more economically and profitable to import fully completed unit (FBU) to sell them to import completely knocked down part (CKD) to produce and sell. This trend does not only create idle capacity but also loss of jobs for many workers, and more importantly, it negates and deters the over all objective of technological transfer which inform discourage economic growth and development.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
The problems of conflicting and discontinuity of government polices on tariff law as they concern local automobile industry. The high tariff on CKD and low tariff and low tariff on FBU the former managing director of ANAMMCO Hansyemgen Ahlbrecnt said “one of the greatest problem of the automobile industry in Nigeria is that are (automobile manufacturer) are not getting enough or adequate support from the government (ANAMMCO News 1990)”
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at looking into the automobile industry in the light of the following:
- Investigating the nations Automobile industry from the point of view of the tariff polices of the government
- Attempting to portray, using figures, the part and role played these laws in the development of Heave it been enhancing or hindering the growth of the industry.
- Recommending strategies that will ensure these laws to be an instrument for the growth and development of automobile industry in Nigeria.
- RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
HO: That inconsistency in tariff policy has affected company’s revenue.
Hi: That inconsistency in tariff policy has not affected company’s revenue
Ho: Low tariff of FBU has negative effect on company sales
Hi: Low tariff on FBU has positive effect on company sales.
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The finding and recommendation of the study will help to:
- Create an awareness on the part of the government as to what effective instrument, the tariff laws could be in sponsoring our automobile industry and hence developing the allied industries as well as minimizing the nations transportation problem./
- Made suggestions for the survival and growth of the industry.
- Encourage those in the industry to view the unfavourable tariff laws as a challenge and become more aggressive in their survival efforts.
- Serve as spring board for further studies in the area of government tariff polices in general
- SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is concerned with government tariff polices as regards to automobile industry, the researcher concentrated on ANAMMCO from the period of 1991-2001, In the pursuance of a successful completion of this work, certain limitations posed some threats to the research. Among them are lack of adequate fund to meet rising cost of research, the dearth of books particularly local materials on the topic under discussion and also problem of data collection.
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MB-ANAMMCO
Mercedes- Benz ANAMMCO is a joint venture between the federal government of Nigeria and Diamler Chrysler AG. MB – ANAMMCO Manufactures commercial vehicles and leads in the commercial vehicle market from five tons payload and above in Nigeria. The plant, which occupies sprouting 300,000 square meter site at Emene, near Enugu, is a shining example of a profitable and viable economic and technological co-operation between the government and people of Nigeria and Diamler Chrysler AG.
MB-ANAMMCO Limited was incorporated on January 17, 1977 and the plant was commissioned on July 8, 1980 by the first executive president of Nigeria, Alhaji Shehu Shagari. It started official production in January 1981 and has to date made an enviable mark on the nations industrial growth adding over 25,000 vehicles to the nation’s transport sector, backed up effectively with a network of over 36 after- sale services stations and spare parts supply depots. The company’s central spare part depot Enugu stocks over 35000 line items.
PRODUCT RANGE:
With management characterized by immolation based on continuous research, the company has successfully deviated from its original mono product of mercedes- Benz truck, to other types of vehicles. Today the company’s product range includes.
BUSES:
MBO 140
MBO 800 Standard/ Luxury
MBO 1418
MBO 400 (Luxury bus)
TRUCKS:
L 711
L 1621
Actres
Unimog
SPECIAL VEHICLES
Fire fighting vehicle
Mobile clinic
Ambulance
Refuse Disposal vehicle
Septic Tank extractor
Fuel/water Tankers/ fire fighting water Tanker.
Towing trucks
Troop Carrier
Bullion Vehicle
Dropside Body
Cooling Box Van
Black Maria
Produce Vehicle
This products are not only manufacture to high quality international standard but are also supposed will a full range of efficient after sales services.
DISTRIBUTION
ANAMMCO has a network of distributors located in all work and cranny of the country. The distributors includes.
- Levant’s Motors & Technical (A divisions of AG Levant’s (NIG) PLC) .
- Nigeria Motors Industries Limited
- Eken Dilichukwu Motors Limited and others
AUTHORIZED AGENTS
- C Ifajekwku & Sons Ltd.
- Charles Daniel’s (Nigeria) Ltd.
- Zennia International Ltd.
- Famy Chuks Associates (N ig) Ltd.
- Young shall grow motor Ltd.
- Mesuda motor Ltd.
- New Tarzan motor Ltd.
- N Emerah & Sons Enterprises Ltd.
- Sunday Umeh & Sons Enterprises Ltd.
- Facbo International Ltd.
- Chisco International Ltd.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: This includes all companies engaged in manufacturing of vehicle in Nigeria using either completely knocked down parts only a combination of c completely knocked down and local material or all local. Material as many become possible in future.
DIVERSIFICATION: This is used to define the action of company, which hither to engage in a simple line of production, now producing a whole range of other lines.
VALIDITY: This is effective because it is made or done with the correct formalities. The degree to which an instrument of research measures what it is designed to measure
INNOVATION: This deals with making changes by ways of introducing new ideas through creative thinking.
RELIABILITY: This is consistency of result when an instrument of measurement is repeatedly applied.
TARIFF: This is referred to as fiscal policy tools through the use of tax on a particular class of imported goods. Also it can be defined as a tax paid on goods coming into or going out of a country
Download our android mobile app for more materials
ORDER NOW
COMPLETE MATERIAL COST N2,500 Or $10. FRESH PROJECT MATERIAL COST 50,000 NAIRA FOR UNDERGRADUATE, OTHERS 100,000 -200,000 NAIRA.
THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF ENUGU NORTH LGA, ENUGU STATE
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Foreign Transaction For Dollars Payment :
Bank Name: GTBank
Branch Location: Enugu State,Nigeria.
Account Name: Chi E-Concept Int’l
Account Number: 0117780667.
Swift Code: GTBINGLA
Dollar conversion rate for Naira is 175 per dollar.
ATM CARD: YOU CAN ALSO MAKE PAYMENT USING YOUR ATM CARD OR ONLINE TRANSFER. PLEASE CONTACT YOUR BANK SECURITY FOR GUIDE ON HOW TO TRANSFER MONEY TO OTHER BANKS USING YOUR ATM CARD. ATM CARD OR ONLINE BANK TRANSFER IS FASTER FOR QUICK DELIVERY TO YOUR EMAIL . OUR MARKETER WILL RESPOND TO YOU ANY TIME OF THE DAY. WE SUPPORT CBN CASHLESS SOCIETY.
OR
PAY ONLINE USING YOUR ATM CARD. IT IS SECURED AND RELIABLE.
form>DELIVERY PERIOD FOR BANK PAYMENT IS LESS THAN 24 HOURS
CALL OUR CUSTOMERS CARE OKEKE CHIDI C ON : 08074466939,08063386834.
AFTER PAYMENT SEND YOUR PAYMENT DETAILS TO
08074466939 or 08063386834, YOUR PROJECT TITLE YOU WANT US TO SEND TO YOU, AMOUNT PAID, DEPOSITOR NAME, UR EMAIL ADDRESS,PAYMENT DATE. YOU WILL RECEIVE YOUR MATERIAL IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS ONCE WILL CONFIRM YOUR PAYMENT.
WE HAVE SECURITY IN OUR BUSINESS.
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